Human Resources Management in 21th century Essay

Human Resources Management in 21th century - Essay Example Essentially, the hierarchy of managers, supervisors, and workers characterize the workplace organizationally. The orientations of workers and managers to the particular area delineate the social limits of a workplace. Such a definition need not be limited to manufacturing alone, though. The workplace can also be a department in a bank or university or a school within an education system. What is important is that the work area is discrete, has some technological or production unity which marks it off from other workplaces, and it is recognized as such by workers and managers. Therefore, it is evident that the field of Human Resource Management has evolved into a strategic, technical, and measurement-oriented area in the past few years. Predictably, this field will continue to grow in sophistication and complexity as a reflection of the world in the 21st century concretized by the lessons of encountering multifarious ethical dilemmas in organizations. An organization's core values are manifested by its culture. In the basic ways that business is handled, culture accentuates how decisions are made and how rewards are distributed. Employees learn these ways of doing business through observing co-workers and leaders. If no expectations are established and effectively communicated, employees will "make it up" as they go along when faced with ethical dilemmas. Here, it is revealed that the role of good human resource management practices can be a determinant for building a strong ethical foundation to eventually change a culture that has some of the indicators of a weak ethics system in an organization. With the recent changes going on in employee relations, tackling the workplace requires a new form of public management based on the following building blocks (Barzelay, 2001): Strategy - What is the public value the organization is really trying to create Answering this question forces the managers to figure out their policy goals and exactly what role their agency should play in fulfilling those goals. Workplace design - Like a good roadmap, a sound design helps managers reach its ultimate policy and operational destination. Connecting the network - Technology is the glue that can hold networked company together, allowing employees to share knowledge, business processes, decision making, client information, workflow and other data. Ensuring accountability - Ensuring accountability in a networked arrangement is a matter of getting the following four things right: incentives, measurement, trust, and risk. Human capital transformation - In addition to knowing about planning, budgeting, staffing, and other traditional company duties, networked management requires becoming proficient in a host of other tasks, such as negotiation and mediation. Manufacturing methods in the workplace excited particular interest and, during the 1980s, wide-scale implementations of practices such as just in time production, total quality control and team-based work organizations (Voss and Robinson, 1987). The strong Japanese identity of many of these practices ensured that issues of the feasibility and desirability of the transfer of these

An Introduction to Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

An Introduction to Law - Case Study Example However in this scenario, the court only considers the legal rules and principles decided in the earlier case. The court is not bound by the complete decision of the previous case. It is the holding of the principle of the law on which the case gets decided. It is the Ratio-Decidendi that sets the precedent and it's binding on the courts in future and it should be considered in combination to their facts of the case1. Obiter dicta actually mean "outside words". While in law, it is measured as the extra comments made by the judges during the proceedings. These are usually some examples which are related and judge discusses them. It should not be misunderstood as a part of precedent like Ratio Decidendi. The obiter dictum is the language in a decision that is not necessary to the decision. The guiding principles on which the judge and the court give the decision are the Ration of the case and other than this all the other statements made by the single judge or the bench is called the Obiter Dicta. Obiter Dictis is also known as the passing statements. A bench comprises of three judges, if one of the judge dissents against the judgment of the other two judges than the majority view would be called the Ratio Decidend.i Whereas, the dissenting judgment would be part of the obiter dicta of the whole judgment. Ratio Decidendi is binding on the lower courts as they act in the form of examples for them. Obiter Dicta can be just influential but not compulsory. It is also true that the part of the judgment that forms the part of Obiter Dicta are not wholly irrelevant and in some cases under the English legal system have espoused some important legal principles that have acted as a guiding fo rce in a number of later decisions. Obiter Dicta act as a persuasive statement under the English legal system which is not binding. Although, some cases have elaborated on this part of the judgment and have come up with extensive and thorough analysis that though part of the obiter dicta of the judgment have later on acted as persuasive statements and as a guiding light in a number of subsequent cases in the English legal system2. Like in the case of 'Mama v. Flora Sasoon 55 IA360', the Privy Council's full judgment on the case of specific performance was obiter dicta as the Privy Council held 'there was no concluded contract at all'. However, the decision is binding on all courts as it settled the law on particular performance. Similarly, in 'Lawson v. Commissioner of Patents (1970), 62 C.P.R. 101 (Ex. Ct.)' The ratio decidendi or the decision was claiming straight to the "subdivided parcel of land" also does not fall within the description of "invention" in section 2. Especially, a sub-divided parcel of land is not represented as either an "art" or "manufacture" in section 2. The Court gave this narrow ratio, but also discussed in an elaborated manner if a method of subdividing land might constitute an "art" under section 2 (concluding that it would not), even though no such method claim was put before the Court to be decided. An ideal instance of both ratio decidendi and obiter dictum can be found in the judgment in the most famous of all insurance law cases, Castellain v. Preston (1883) in which the principle of indemnity in