Role of the Researcher and Participants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Job of the Researcher and Participants - Essay Example Since this exploration utilizes inside and out meeting, the specialist needs to lead the meetings and direct polls, while guaranteeing that the data accumulated is pertinent and is of high caliber. In this examination, the analyst will fill in as the human instrument; along these lines, will be accused of posing testing inquiries, tuning in, and getting into the more profound degrees of the meetings with members (Hammersley, 2010). Prior to information assortment, it is the job of the scientist to pick the examination populace, including the measures for choice, just as the procedure for the exploration. In this examination accordingly, the analyst based the rule for choice of members on the part of their involvement with global exchanges. Subsequently, the analyst has the job of guaranteeing that solitary those people meeting the standards for choice take an interest in the exploration. This will be basic in guaranteeing that the information gathered is pertinent to the examination theme, and is of high caliber, as the correct members will have the ability of giving legitimate and significant experiences into the exploration point. Another significant job of the scientist during the exploration procedure is to guarantee positive relationship with the members, including the workers of the associations from which a portion of the information will be drawn. It is critical for the scientist to guarantee that the reaction from members is sure. This can predominantly be accomplished by guaranteeing that the connection between the scientist and members is certain. Through this, the members will have an inspirational disposition toward the specialist, and will be obliged to coordinate with the... Job of the Researcher and Participants The scientist and the members are center to any exploration procedure. These have various jobs they play, which are significant in guaranteeing the effective culmination of the exploration procedure. This paper centers around my job as a scientist, including ways that I will receive to guarantee a decent connection with the members and representatives, with whom I will communicate during the exploration procedure. The planned exploration on Indian arrangement styles is subjective in nature, and is likewise a phenomenological study. Top to bottom meetings with explicit members and polls will be utilized, so as to get their discernments on dealings in India. Moreover, the members in this investigation incorporate business directors, who have involvement with arrangements in India. Then again, the analyst is a prepared individual in the field of Business Management and International Business, and is as of now satisfying the necessities for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration . This concise foundation about the exploration, the scientist, and the examination members is fundamental, as it helps in deciding the specific circumstances and jobs of members and the analyst in the exploration procedure. Submitted members will keep time during interviews and will display a high enthusiasm for the examination. In the event that the specialist and members assume their various jobs in an industrious way, it is no uncertainty that quality information will be gathered, and the examination will be fruitful.

Globalization as the Integration of the Interaction between Nations Essay

Globalization as the Integration of the Interaction between Nations - Essay Example This article investigates the components that lead to globalization. As a chief of any firm, the primary targets are to augment benefits and limit the expenses. The expenses can be limited by searching for modest work power and proximity to crude materials. An organization in Asia may choose to set up another firm or move the underlying firm in Asia to another nation with modest work. Furthermore, the firm can likewise move because of proximity to the crude material. All the more thus, the market can likewise impact globalization. A nation may move its creation firm to another nation focusing on specific people in that nation. Poor nations empower remote financial specialists with the goal that they can profit by the assessments demanded on them. Hence, unmistakably likewise the financial status of a nation is a key factor to expanding globalization. There are, in any case, negative marks and merits of globalization in business. Therefore, this paper will in general clarify the point s of interest and weaknesses of globalization in business. Right off the bat, globalization is helpful to numerous individuals. As examined before on, an individual can move from his working office in Mexico to another nation only for lunch. Hence, the utility of this individual is fulfilled. This individual will feel fulfilled since they got what they needed consequently inferred fulfillment. Also, the individual may have utilized either an open or a personal jet. In the manner, business is made for the pilot flying this person for lunch. All the more along these lines, the café likewise gets a few installments in remuneration for what this individual will devour. Assume an individual sets a firm in another nation, what might occur? Right off the bat, the state will get cash as duty by the remote financial specialists. Besides, the territory around the set firm will be created by these outside financial specialists. The state of the street will likewise improve, and water and powe r would be made accessible and moderate to the pioneers around the firm. What's more, people will get utilized.

5 Ways to Apply Project Management Methods in Your School

5 Ways to Apply Project Management Methods in Your School I have experienced the frustrations and challenges that leaders in schools face from both sides of the fence. As a teacher and leader myself I had to constantly shift and adjust to changing goal posts, work around shrinking deadlines and time limits, and still try to remain calm and collected. As a consultant at LearnMaker I work with a wide range of leadership teams to apply theories behind effective project management in school. In this article I will offer ideas, practical steps, and personal experience spanning over ten years in education, and over three years working with multinational companies, to share with you what weve found to work well. So to begin, one of the fundamental systems that every school must develop is the ability to manage projects. With  a simple management process, schools can overcome problems with organisation, communication and tracking. In this post I’ll provide 5 steps on how to adapt and apply these processes in your school. 1.Keep everyone in the loop Ever been to a meeting that lasted for over two hours or where the previous items were never followed through? My teaching career was crammed with meetings like these, in fact most meetings I attended were rarely less than an hour, and often ended in a discussion about something completely irrelevant to the task at hand. Often meeting agendas were sent through on the day, rooms changed last minute, important attendees were absent and items were changed during the meeting. Not very productive. The key is to have one system in which everyone is kept in the loop. You may need to have private conversations with individuals within your team but, a central and simple system is imperative, for this we use MeisterTask. One of the difficulties when managing a project is making sure everyone is notified. I’ve had this problem on many occasions. You send out an email to all relevant  team members but accidentally leave someone off the list, so need to send it out again. These actions take time, cause stress, and slow down the project. Similarly, in most schools Ive taught in, theres a preferred device to use, so if you turn up with a mobile phone that isn’t supported you often have to cobble together a solution of workarounds. Having a system which works across platforms, and is truly mobile is fantastic. It means your team members can have notifications as they like. Perhaps a pop-up on their phones or an email breakdown of the day’s events. Staff members can work how they like, while guided by the system and free to interact how they see fit, as they don’t need to be at their class desktop. Using MeisterTask, team members on the right-hand column have one single place to chat, share resources, and work collaboratively. The simple commenting system, coupled with notifications, means teams have one point of contact for any project. 2. Liven up your planning documents As a teacher, the process of working on planning documents would always frustrate me. We would hold planning meetings using various versions of the same school improvement document annotated by hand, reprinted, online versions, sketches and notes. We would spend hours trying to consolidate the different versions as they were never up-to-date. Having a central place to store, share and work collaboratively on resources means your team can work on live documents, monitor version changes, and communicate and annotate on team documents. Once every so often our IT school improvement plan  would be wheeled out (sometimes literally, when printed they were huge folders) and the senior team and teaching staff would run through it, perhaps updating, mostly discussing what went wrong or not. Inevitably these meetings would last forever and nothing substantial would get done. The problem always came down to communication. People were left out of the loop, tasks were left undone, or people had conversations that weren’t recorded.  Often deadlines were missed. Having a project management system which included all of the relevant details a breakdown of tasks, staff members responsible, projected cost, deadline, and benefits if the tasks were completed would have solved virtually all of the issues I witnessed. 3. Talk in one place Many schools have several methods which allow staff to communicate well often though, many leaders find communication is one of the key challenges they struggle to solve. In my experience, the difficulty in communication comes down to a maths problem.  In a typical school, you would expect teachers and leaders to use the following ‘basic’ communication routes: Face to face conversation Email Telephone Paper message If you think of these as multipliers, one conversation could have many multiple routes to confusion. For example, I have a face to face conversation with you in the corridor about a meeting next week. I say I will email you the details. Back at my office I send you an email and type an agenda to place in your pigeon hole. You read the agenda, and phone me for a slight alteration. I email back the adjustment, then print a copy for all the staff. You can see how this could get tricky with multiple staff, each having multiple ways of communicating it becomes a spider’s web of communication lines. The odds of something going wrong or being left out increasing dramatically with each multiplier. Now if you layer onto that the movement and alteration of documents, the communications system becomes far more complicated. In addition,  staff often use different devices some have mobile phones, others tablets, some use good old desktop PC. One version of the file won’t open correctly on a particular device so we have to convert the file to make it work. A nightmare is created. This, I can guarantee, has or will happen at some point in your school. Being able to manage communication and file sharing through one project management system means your staff will only have one place to go to find what they need. Attachments can be viewed at the click of a button and don’t have to be searched for in a folder structure that requires a Doctorate to understand. You can quickly search through the whole of MeisterTask in one click. 4. Keeping track The key to a successfully managed team, and to avoid your own burn out, is to ensure team members are; accountable, responsible, and driven. I have found that initially when we talk about these things, accountability is often misconceived as ‘passing the buck’, with  responsibility seen as forced delegation. Staff gather evidence to cover their back, rather than focusing on the positives of the challenge. Ive found that by having a system where staff can see everything thats going on, with the number of private conversations and projects minimised, this issue quickly fades.  A way to achieve this is by having a system which encourages the ‘informal’, allowing users to add profile photos so that everyone can see who has been delegated each task. A massive benefit to allocating tasks on MeisterTask is the ability to hand over work when team members leave or join the project. There are many occasions where teachers do this, particularly new or training teachers who need to be orientated.  A project management system like MeisterTask, allows new team members to be delegated tasks quickly and simply, as well as see what their colleagues are up to within the project overview. 5. Money constraints Two things that always ring true in life: there is never enough money, and there is never enough time. Being able to save or reduce either of these is the golden ticket to great project management. When I look at the volume of emails school leaders have to tolerate, I go mad. If we just focus on emails relating to project management the emails notifying changes, asking for ideas or for approval â€" the emails still take time to process. Not long for each one, granted, but the sum total of the minutes are significant. By simply moving this type of email into a project management system, you will be surprised by how much time is freed up. In one primary school we managed to save over 4 hours a week by simply changing attitudes to email use in school. One 30-minute session on using email led to 4 hours saved per team member, which for a team of 7 meant 28 hours a week or about 1000 staff hours a year. Big numbers, by just working a few little things out. I first started using the free version of MeisterTask when LearnMaker was launched. When Jay and I started the company a few years ago, we had very little money, we joke we were living on beans, and it wasn’t that far off! We made the decision early on that we would need to be device agnostic, as our consultancy would focus on ideas and attitudes, not brands or devices. As such we wanted to shift as much of the ‘work’ our IT systems would use, into the cloud. In theory this is a great idea. Although, most cloud solutions cost, MeisterTask was the only free system I could find which integrated for free into Google Drive. For me this was key. We used Google Drive as a cheap alternative to expensive servers at the company offices, reducing costs massively. Subsequently, moving to the cloud is something we suggest to every school we work with. I have successfully managed 5 school projects using the free versions of MeisterTask, all concurrently. If you have the money, the Pro level is fantastic but you can even benefit instantly from using the free version. Key Takeaways So those are my steps for applying project management ideas in your school. If you have comments or more tips to add, please share below and with my leader hat on, here are the key take aways to consolidate the learning: Applying project management in school could be anything from lesson and curriculum planning, to working on a new campus or building Use a system which allows staff and leaders to communicate quickly and simply across multiple platforms and devices Make use of a project management system which tracks time, tasks and discussions this will allow you to save time and reduce the stress of project management Money constraints shouldn’t limit you when wanting to use a project management system. LearnMaker have used free versions of MeisterTask to manage large and complex projects in the past. Project management made simple.

America and Israel Support Essay - 1794 Words

America and Israel Support From the creation of Israel in 1947 to present day, America has supported Israel. The prime minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu said, â€Å"The United States has given Israel, apart from political and military support, munificent and magnificent assistance in the economic sphere. With America’s help, Israel has grown to be a powerful, modern state.† America has help and turned Israel to a very powerful nation. The United States provides 3 billion dollars to the Israeli government each year. However the real number is about 4.3 billions dollars in total foreign aid and America in total has given Israel 140 billion dollars 3 billion dollars of support equals to $500 per year for each individual Israeli. This is†¦show more content†¦The United States permitted Israel to have satellite images while the Yom Kippur War and during the Entebbe hostage crisis. America has been a great benefactor to the state of Israel. However, America should not support Israel unconditionally because it generates deep hatred from Arabs and that the government of Israel has shifted away form the democratic ideal and beliefs of America. The unconditional support of America towards Israel has caused Arab terrorist groups to hate and kill citizens of the United States. Also Israel’s has turned away from a democratic ideal that grants equal rights to all citizens. Powerful and influential Arabs have a deep desire to kill and destroy America because of the current unconditional support America gives to Israel. For example, Hezbollah, a very capable terrorist group, hates America because of America’s support to Israel. In 2002, Muhammed Husayn Fadlallah, a religious commander of the Hezbollah, said, â€Å"I believe that America bears responsibility for all of Israel†¦ America is a hypocritical nation†¦ for it gives support and lethal weapons to the Israelis, but gives Arabs and Palestinians words† America gives Israel weapons for protection, but Israel uses these weapons to kill thousands of innocent Arab women and children. This in return causes Arabs to hate theShow MoreRelatedExternal Politics : Disagreements Abroad866 Words   |  4 Pagesbugbear in Israel’s foreign policy is Palestine. When the West Bank was captured during the Six Day War, Israel began large-scale settlement programs that were largely conde mned by the international community. Despite promises made at Camp David, they continued operating their settlements within the West Bank, later annexing the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem. The United Nations harshly criticized Israel for its actions, condemning them as â€Å"null and void,† and classifying the captured territories as â€Å"occupiedRead MoreUS Foreign Policy Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesUS Foreign policy is what the United States of America does in foreign countries. This may include setting new rules or even controlling the countries’ governments. What the US does in other countries usually ends up creating a conflict or an uprising in the region. US foreign policy makes the world very unstable and it causes disagreements between countries. The Israel Lobby has a great deal of negative influence on US foreign policy. The US is also very keen to destroy WahabbistRead MoreIran And International Conflict In Iran1255 Words   |  6 PagesIran, within the next 10 years, could transform itself from a controlled threat to the United States to a world power constructed upon the ideals of protesting America and its allies and causing them harm, whether economical, militarily, or through any other means they choose. If it were to amass a large collection of nuclear weapons, it would force the US to loosen its control over the country, while also opening the door for other Middle Eastern countries to become nuclear capable, thus escalatingRead MoreAmerica and Israel Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1948, the United States was the first to recognize Israel as a new state in the United Nations; this quick action on our part shows how important having an ally in the Middle East is for America, and in addition the alliance helped the newly created nation. We had many reasons for continuing this rock-solid frien dship, but perhaps the most important is that our values are the same. Israel is very like the United States; it’s the only democratic country in the Middle East, it wants to preventRead MoreEssay about The United States Greatest Fears 933 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States of America is a country that is democratic and possesses an extreme amount of power that makes it very authoritative and influential. It is a country used to being at the top, never below in supremacy. The U.S. fears communism, loosing Israel’s support, and the unification of countries in the Middle East. The United States fears equality among its community and therefore does not agree or like communism. For America, the idea of the distribution of the wealth of the people byRead MoreSyria Case Study1238 Words   |  5 PagesFor almost a decade Syria has not enjoyed peace. The war in Syria has polarized countries in the Middle East, Europe and the America. The war has led to countries taking sides depending on the interests of their leaders and the country as a whole. In the process countries from Europe, America and Asia have entered into a union that they deem fit to promote their agendas (G. Friedman 2017). This union is what is now known as the axis 1 geopolitics. Even though the countries may have different individualRead MoreIsrael has a Failed State Index Score Due to the West Bank Essay1022 Words   |  5 PagesIsrael According to the US-based Failed States Index (FSI), Israel ranks number 67 and is in greater danger of becoming a failed state than the likes of Congo, Cuba and Jordan. Despite Israel’s booming economy, high life expectancy and low unemployment, part of the explanation for its low FSI ranking is the West Bank. According to the Fund for Peace’s methodology, Israel/West Bank is considered one entity when determining its Failed States Index score. The issues Israel/ West Bank scored highestRead MoreWhat Is International Crime Victimization1427 Words   |  6 Pagesthat not just Israel, but police in the United States of America must deal with. The Israeli government has implanted changes in trying to give victims’ rights most notably with the â€Å"Victims of Crime Rights Act† (Sebba and Gal, 2003). This allowed victims to be more involved with the criminal case such as the ability for victims to find out about the progress of the case through an automated system (Shoham and Regev, 2008). Like in the United States of America the victims in Israel can be involvedRead MoreSocio-Cultural Analysis Of Israel. Sgt Bush. Alc Class706 Words   |  3 Pages SOCIO-CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF ISRAEL SGT Bush ALC Class 004-17 NCO Academy SFC Hunsecker Socio-cultural analysis of Israel Culture, defined by the Cambridge english dictionary states that culture is the way of life. Especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time. Culture can be broken down into five major characteristics, which are customs, values, religion, government, and ideas. Customs can be explained as a usual way of doing somethingRead MoreUS Support for the State of Israel Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pageswith Us and Christians United for Israel in the magazine Israel 101, when it exhibits the Three Ds of anti-Semitism Delegitimization, Double Standards, and Demonization. â€Å"Delegitimization: The Jewish State has no right to exist. Israelis do not belong in the Middle East. Double Standards: Israel is condemned harshly for self-defense measures and social problems that are seen as acceptable or inevitable in other nations. Demonization: Through distortions and lies, Israel is depicted as the world’s most

The Gift of Time Essay - 1310 Words

Growing up in the once thriving mining town of Steubenville, Henry and Obadiah Harrington worked in their dad’s clock and watch store after school and most weekends. Mr. Harrington was a celebrity because he re-created the famous Big-Ben Clock in the town square. The townspeople were proud of the clock; its chimes could be heard for miles. The good times passed when the mines closed and nearly everyone departed, leaving only a few dozen families in the community. Obadiah married and then moved away. Henry stayed on to run the general store. When Mr. Harrington died, the townspeople were left with no shopkeeper to repair their watches or clocks. After a while, everyone started and ended their daily schedules by listening to the ringing†¦show more content†¦As midnight approached on the third day, Samantha carefully put her book down, blew out her reading candle, put on her shawl and slippers, and lit a lantern before she quietly walked to the town square. She appreciat ed Henry’s faith in her, but she also felt the weight of the entire town on her shoulders. As she carefully made her way up the spiral staircase leading to the clock, a cat darted in front of her. The surprise caused her to fall forward and hit her head on the stairs, knocking the glasses off her nose to the bottom of the staircase and crashing the lantern to the floor. A dazed but determined Samantha stepped backward to retrieve her glasses only to hear a sickening crunch under her feet. Undaunted, she again tried to ascend the darkened, blurry staircase. Guided solely by the crescendo of the ticking clock, she joyously stepped on the top landing only to stumble squarely into the clock itself. This second trauma proved too much as her limp body crumbled at the base of the clock. The brave Samantha lay unconscious as the minute hand slowed to a silent stop. Miles away, Henry Harrington had begun his lonely ride back to Steubenville. Still saddened by the death of his brother, he was indifferent to the crisp morning air. However, as he approached the outskirts of the town, his heart began to race. ItShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gifts Of All Time By Thomas Alva Edison2021 Words   |  9 PagesOn February 11, 1847, America received one of the greatest gifts of all time, Thomas Alva Edison. At an early age, Edison developed an unparalleled thirst for knowledge and education that withstood throughout his life time. By no means was he the ideal student however; he had to be pulled from public school due to hyperactivity that was considered difficult behavior by his teachers. Through homeschooling from his mother, an accomplished school teacher, and self education, Edison was able to obtainRead MoreMarketing On Christmas Gift Exchange And Asymmetrical Business Relations By Jeannette Lemmergaard, And Sara Louise Muhr1320 Words   |  6 Pagespap er looks at the gift giving tradition between the Natives and the Europeans. Carlos and Lewis’s â€Å"Marketing in the Land of Hudson Bay† article explains in great detail the strategies used by the Hudson Bay Company to develop a trading relationship with the Natives, as well as the trends in trading. The article also elucidates that in order to understand its customer’s culture and demands, the Hudson Bay Company participated in Native traditions one of which was to present gifts to Native tradersRead MoreAccepting Gifts From The Clients1071 Words   |  5 Pages 1 Introduction The receiving and giving gifts especially in health care is considered to be more ethically sensitive issue (Oak, 2005). Therefore, I decided to focus on the issue of accepting gifts from the clients in the health services because I am a nurse by profession and I usually come across with this issue. In my opinion, it is a debatable question that whether the professionals accept gifts or not and it is controversial. It varies from discipline to disciplineRead MoreThe Powerful Gifts Of The Holy Spirit1489 Words   |  6 Pagesof division within the church over many issues. One debate in particular is the charismatic gifts of the Holy Spirit. Fortunately, it’s not the argument of whether or not the charismatic spiritual gifts were part of the first century. However, the major issue at hand is whether or not the charismatic spiritual gifts are still used in today’s church, or not? There are many beliefs of charismatic gifts, based off denominational sectors, church a ffiliations, personal experiences, and last but notRead MoreWhat Does Mary Douglas Say About Charity?1726 Words   |  7 Pagessay about free gifts? What explanation does she give for that statement? Mary Douglas explains that even though charity is suppose to be a voluntary free gift to the recipient, charity essentially is not free due to the fact the giver gets something in return. She gives an example on how when she worked in a charity foundation, donations were required in order to receive tax exemptions. (Mauss, 2001, p. ix) She also expresses, â€Å"foundations should not confuse their donations with gifts.† (Mauss, 2001Read MorePersonal Statement : Spiritual Gifts1067 Words   |  5 PagesReligion 121 December 5th, 2014 Spiritual Gifts Spiritual gifts have been a topic of heated debate among a wide array of congregations and faith believers. Are these gifts just natural everyday abilities or miraculous one’s on par with what Jesus showed on earth? Scripture gives some insight into these questions but with the power and flexibility of interpretation these answers are also obscured. Before any external analyses and opinions are examined, spiritual gifts should be explained in its originalRead MoreEssay about Discussion of the Spiritual Gifts of the Romans, Chapter 121217 Words   |  5 Pagesspiritual gifts, however, it is important to understand that not all the gifts referred to elsewhere are specified in this passage . The gifts mentioned in this passage are: prophecy, service, teaching, exhortation, giving, leading and mercy. A foundation needs to be established as we enter into a study of the spiritual gifts mentioned in Scripture. First of all, we must understand that God gives the gifts through His grace and that each believer receives at least one. These gifts are differentRead MoreMarcel Mauss, A French Sociologist1080 Words   |  5 Pagesanatomical position. A gift given from my grandmother, my plush’s defining feature was it’s oversized black muzzle and the minute tongue that permeated through. Gifts are meant to hold sentimental value, which is part of the reason why gifts are exchanged today. Yet, is there anything else that makes gifts more intriguing to what we see today? Marcel Mauss, a French sociologist , published The Gift in which he studied Polynesian culture and the intricate effects that gifts showcased in the cultureRead MoreEssay about Gift-Giving in Beowulf and the Odyssey1707 Words   |  7 PagesGift-Giving in Beowulf and the Odyssey Literature has always been an immensely helpful resource when discerning cultural values in societies past and present. Through the study of noteworthy historic fictional and factual, texts we are able to distinguish parallel characteristics present through many different cultures and time periods. These distinguishing characteristics are one of the main things that help us to determine when and how a society, or world culture as a whole changes as timeRead MoreHow Do Gift Exchanges And Commodity Transactions Shape Your Everyday Interactions With Others?1261 Words   |  6 PagesHow do gift exchanges and commodity transactions shape your everyday interactions with others? The flow of gifts and commodities between individuals is a significant aspect of our society as a whole. Gifts are things, often material objects, that are exchanged between groups or individuals that have some kind of relationship. The value of this gift is dependent on the nature, significance and goals of the relationship. Commodities are objects that move between people through transactions with minimal

Analyzing Supply of Demand Simulation Free Essays

Analyzing Supply of Demand Simulation ECO/365 January 31, 2010 Analyzing Supply of Demand Simulation Supply and demand is a significant element of business procedures thus this paper will evaluate how supply and demand affects a business via a simulation provided by the University of Phoenix. In this paper, I will talk about the reasons for changes that occur in supply and demand. I will talk about how shifts in supply and demand influence the organization’s decision making process as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyzing Supply of Demand Simulation or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will also cover the four key points established within the reading assignments and how they relay to the simulation and how every theory can be related to situations in a workplace environment. This paper will establish how price elasticity of demand influences the decisions of the consumer and the organization. Changes in Supply and Demand There are quite a few factors that influence supply and demand in the simulation. These factors demand for the apartments, the availability of the apartments, the price of the apartments, the quantity of people or renters who are interested. According to the simulation, a demand curve is downward sloping. During the simulation, as the price of the apartments decreased, demand for them increased. The supply curve, however, is sloping upwards. The number of two-bedroom apartments increased as the price increased. An excess in the industry for the apartments make use of downward demands on the price for the apartments. So therefore in order for GoodLife to attract renters, they would need to lower their prices. Shifts that Affect Decision Making The different shifts in supply and demand affects decision making in several ways in regard to the simulation. In the simulation the changes that GoodLife were trying to make as well as the changes in the population of Atlantis had an effect on the supply and demand of the simulation. Since the renters changed their preferences, the demand for the apartments that GoodLife offered decreased. GoodLife then decided to renovate the apartments and make them into condominiums that they could for sell. By doing this, GoodLife caused a decrease in the supply as well as a decrease in the demand. Given that, the supply and demand curve equally moved to the left. Four Key Points Four key points in the simulation were supply and demand, equilibrium, shifts in the supply and demand, and price ceilings. The simulation is based on supply and demand and is very helpful in understanding the different factors that can affect it. According to the simulation, a demand curve is downward sloping. According to our text, a demand curve illustrates how a â€Å"change in the price level will change aggregate expenditures on all goods and services in an economy† (Colander, 2010). In reference to the simulation, as the price for the apartments decreased, demand increased. The supply curve, on the other hand, is upward sloping. The number of two-bedroom apartments increased as the price increased. Equilibrium is a concept in which opposing dynamic forces cancel each other out. In other words, equilibrium can be described as the position at which quantity demanded meet up with the supply that is presented. The quantity demanded will surpass the quantity supplied which can possibly lead to shortages, if prices are below the equilibrium point. At this point, the prices have a tendency to rise in order to increase the supply until the equilibrium is met. A shift in the demand curve can occur because of a change in the income, a change in the price or a change in tastes. A shift in the supply curve can because of change in the costs of production, a change in technology, or a change in price of goods. A price ceiling takes place when the government places a legal limit on how high the price of a product can be. In order for a price ceiling to be successful, it must be put below the market equilibrium. Applying Simulation to Workplace The impact of supply and demand changes can have a big influence over the software industry. The technology involved in the software industry never really stays at the same level because technologies constantly change. However, if you were to take a closer look at things, computers and software evolve about every six months to a year and half; hence the reason technology is the constant factor that prompts change in the software industry. Elasticity of Demand Price elasticity of demand refers to the way prices change in correlation to the demand. People with lower incomes are inclined to have lower price elasticity because they have less money to spend. People with a higher income are inclined to have higher price elasticity since he can afford to spend more money. In both cases, â€Å"ability to pay is negotiated by the intrinsic value of what is being sold. If the thing being sold is in high demand, even a consumer with low price elasticity is usually willing to pay higher prices† (WiseGeek,  2010). Basically, goods or services presented at a lower price lead to a demand for greater quantity. Price elasticity of demand also explains that price becomes more elastic, because consumers can always choose to buy a good or service that is cheaper, in this case, prices will change with demand. In addition to this, completion for a certain good or service can also affect price elasticity of demand because it keeps prices lower. In summary, according to the simulation process, the demand curve is sloping downward, which causes the quantity demand to increase as the price decreases. The suggestion was for the management company to decrease its rental rates, which would therefore increase the demands for apartments. The supply curve is sloping upward, so therefore the quantity supplied increases as the price decreases. As stated, the quantity demanded balances out the quantity supplied at the equilibrium point. Nevertheless, when prices are below equilibrium, the quantity demanded surpasses the quantity supplied. In retrospect, when prices are above equilibrium, quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded, which cause an excess. References 1) WiseGeek. (2010). What is Price Elasticity of Demand?. Retrieved from http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-price-elasticity-of-demand. htm How to cite Analyzing Supply of Demand Simulation, Papers

The Public Services and Commercial Broadcasting in the UK

Adorno and Horkheimer argue that the culture industry â€Å"impedes the development of autonomous, independent individuals who judge and decide consciously for themselves† (Adorno, 1991 p.6). This section will discuss how this perspective has influenced the field of audience research.   Adorno and Horkheimer argue that individuals are fed information through the media that makes them forget about independent thoughts and views that they might want to make.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Public Service’s and Commercial’ Broadcasting in the UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The view proposes that the media present consistent information which has been presented in a manner that ensures people feel that everything is proceeding on well without hitches even when this is not the case. Adorno felt that individuals in the society usually have to sacrifice their own beliefs which they believ e so that they can agree with the beliefs of the society especially those that are perpetuated by the media. Audience research usually targets a specific group of individuals so as to find out what their interests, tastes, attitudes and knowledge might be concerning a particular item. Using such audience research, companies can usually be able to market and target their products or services towards a specific group of people so as to get maximum returns for their business ventures. According to Adorno and Horkheimer, the society has agreed to sacrifice their own beliefs and judgments so that it can fit into the views and perceptions of the media about certain cultures. If the confusion in the society translates to trying to fit in into the society, then individuals would answer questions in audience research in a manner that would be expected of the individuals of that particular culture and might not genuinely reflect the true beliefs of such individuals. The media has a very stron g on individuals in the community and almost every person in the individual wants to ensure that they are perceived in the â€Å"correct† manner in the society. Therefore, when field researches are conducted, the researchers already have pre-conceived ideas about how the respondents should answer and this might interfere with the results of the researcher. The researchers are bound to be biased towards giving the politically, academically and economically correct answers that are expected of certain cultural groups that might be involved in the interview processes for the audience research. This concept is in agreement with the impediment of self awareness of culture, individuals and free thoughts of individuals and conscious decisions made by individuals in the society according to Adorno and Horkheimer. In this section, I will discuss the public service broadcasting and commercial broadcasting in the UK, focusing on the characteristics of their funding system and difference s in their relationship with audience in terms of their programming and scheduling.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The major difference between public service broadcasting and commercial broadcasting in the United Kingdom is that the public service broadcasting is funded and regulated by the government. The commercial broadcasting system is funded through advertisements from private companies that want to reach a large number of individuals. The more audience that a particular television has, the better and higher the number of private companies that are likely to approach such companies because the advertising message from such a company is likely to reach a wider audience translating to higher sales. The public service broadcasting service allege that the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is owned by the government and is made freely available to individuals. In co ntrast, the commercial broadcasting corporations in the country are privately owned and some of them require people to pay subscription fees to access their services. The public service broadcasting systems promote the agenda of the government with the interest of the larger public in mind while the agenda of the commercial broadcasting companies is promoted which might be the agenda of a few rich people who own and control the company or the advertisers who control the resources of the broadcasting company. Most of the programming in public service broadcasting is usually educational or news on all areas that affect the citizens of the country are; political, health, financial and weather. Such public services are watched by individuals to receive reliable news on events that are happening across the country and all over the globe. Most of the commercial broadcasting stations in the United Kingdom usually air programs that attract a wide audience such as soap operas, sports shows a nd fashion news. Broadcasting news that is highly preferred by many individuals ensures that the commercial companies get a wide audience. If research indicates that commercial broadcasting companies have high ratings in terms of audiences, such commercial companies are highly likely to get business in form of advertising companies to pay the commercial stations so that they can air adverts and try to increase market share for such companies in comparison to competitors. The third question will Outline and evaluate the media effects model of audience research. Using the concept of the active audience I will use contemporary media examples to illustrate the argument.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Public Service’s and Commercial’ Broadcasting in the UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The media effects model of audience research proposes that individuals are passive members of the advertisement s process whereby, they get information that is transmitted by the media and offer no resistance in form of question or arguing with what is communicated to them through the media. The media effects model of audience research proposes that the target audiences are manipulated to do what the advertisers want without taking into account the opinions, intelligence or decisions of the audience. Proponents of the media effects model claim that it is efficient and that most audiences are composed of passive individuals that want to be told what they should do or the kinds of products that they should consume. Due to hero effects that are observed among individuals, the media usually uses selected individuals that the population respects such as respected musicians, sports players or Nobel Prize winners to endorse products so that audiences can get validations of the products or services that consumers want to purchase. To some extent, the media effect model seems to be true after observin g the high number of overweight teenagers that spend almost most of their time watching music shows and young girls that want to starve themselves thin so that they can appear like their favorite musicians on the television. Most of these children also want to dress like the celebrities that they observe on the television and they also want to eat the foods that are advertised on the television. In contrast, the active audience model proposes the argument that audiences are different. The media fails to take into account the differences between individuals such as differences in age, gender, economic and social differences among people. The media also fails in their assumption that people will perceive the intended message in the way that the media intends for it to be perceived by the particular target audience. The medical drama grey’s anatomy has a female lead actor which is unlike the message that is usually portrayed by the media that males are greater achievers in the s ociety in comparison to the men. The program also portrays the characters in the television drama as having flaws which is unacceptable. The pre modern period portrayed most of the characters in television programs as being perfect which is unrealistic. The fourth question evaluates Stuart Hall’s (1981) encoding/decoding model and the idea of polysemic texts. One media example will be anlysed to illustrate the role of audiences play in meaning making.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hall is famous for having introduced the concept that not all of the intended message will be taken by the audience. This is because everyone has different views based on their social, economic, cultural, religious and economic backgrounds and all of these play a part in decision making and translation for audiences that observe the media. Hall made clear observations that the meaning of the media message is not necessarily determined by the individual that sends it because people perceive different things in different ways. He also proposed that most media representatives do not know what they mean to pass on to the audience. Most of the time, the intended message is usually â€Å"hidden† and it is up to the audience to decode the message and utilize the meaning. Hall finally proposed that audiences for whom the messages are usually intended are active listeners that think, analyze and make conscious decisions from what they observe from the media. The producer of the messag e portrayed in the media is usually the encoder while the audience is usually the decoder. Polysemic texts usually involve encoding and decoding whereby, the producer usually has an intended message for the audience and the audience decodes the message in a particular manner depending on their perception, tastes, likes and preferences. An example of a message in the media involving encoding and decoding would be a documentary on married women that are battered by their husbands. The producer’s main goal would be to show how women are in bad situations while in their marriages but the decoder who is the active audience might not sympathize with the women and instead feel that it is the women’s fault that they experience such abuse because they have the ability to get out of abusive relationships. Although the encoder might show valid reasons as to why the women stayed in the marriages such as lack of an income to take care of young children and the audience might not un derstand. The fifth question will critically discuss the news and agenda setting theory, using an example and three news stories. The issue of the news and the agenda setting in the media is very important as it determines what is aired in the media. The media has a very important responsibility in the Society because it has the power to shape or change the attitudes of people about certain factors in the community. Agenda setting also influences social, economic, political and academic aspects of citizens of a nation because it drives the setting of the agenda for corporate, government and personal policies. News that are aired on stations or printed in different types of media and should abide by set rules. Media organizations usually belong to regulating bodies which have certain rules whose failure to follow should attract penalties or disciplinary measures such as being taken off air for radio or television stations that air pornographic content. Forming of agenda setting invol ves analyzing the kind of media outlets that people subscribe to and forming ways through which the intended news can reach those individuals. The media can transmit news that easily influences the public through in a certain way. The individuals could already have an opinion about an issue that is on the News but framing of the issue by the media stimulates the public to think about the issue further and in a way that affects the public. For example a newspaper might print a story that would influence a public debate and make the public pressure the government to act on a neglected issue in a country. The aspects that the media focuses on give the public the impression that those are the important issue in the local, regional and international scene. Therefore, media houses should ensure that they are professional and gain the respect of individuals if they want the news that they air or print to be considered relevant in the lives of individuals. An example of agenda setting would be the Bill Clinton case who was the president of the United States who had an affair with one of his staff members. The issue was aired on all television stations and pictures of the former president and Monica Lewinsky were in pages of newspapers all over the world. This made the public feel that this was an important issue in the world. The issue of the terrorist attacks on September 11 in the United States was all over the news which made people focus on the issue and may be even think about probable terror attacks elsewhere. The issue of president Barrack Obama getting into power as the first African American president of the United States of America was all over the news which made it an issue to focus on. This essay on The Public Service’s and Commercial’ Broadcasting in the UK was written and submitted by user Mallory Oneil to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Amber Mileski Essays (959 words) - Family, Parenting, Free Essays

Amber Mileski Essays (959 words) - Family, Parenting, Free Essays Amber Mileski English 11 Textual Analysis February 28, 2017 Single Parenting and Dual Parenting Is single parenting better for children or is living in a home with both parents better for a child? Single parenting affects children in many ways, sometimes it doesn't affect them at all. Single parenting is more common now than rather back in the day. More parents are ending up alone because they are choosing to be. There isn't a very high percentage of single parent families but each year the percentage of single parent families rises. There are many children that live in a single parent home. Just because a child lives with one parent doesn't mean they are going to have issues. Living in a single parent home does make it harder for a child. Living in a single parent home does have many effects on a child. A child can suffer psychological and development problems. They are more likely to drop out of school and their chance of doing drugs and consuming alcohol is higher. Kids raised by one parent are less likely to be labeled or disgraced. So, to say if single parenting affects any peculiar child, it all depends. John Kelly states "A single parent with adequate resources may provide a stable home." I might say that this means that a parent with many resources as in extra help at home or help or abundant resources outside of the home, provide the single parent with more access of being able to be there for their child. One of the main themes in this article is the psychological effects of a child being in a single parent home. The theme of psychological effects of having a single parent is when a study took place in Sweden, looking at nearly a million health records of young people. It was explained that kids from single parent family had twice the incidence of psychological illness, wanting to attempt suicide, and they abuse alcohol. An example I'm going to use for the rest of this paragraph is about myself. I was raised in a single parent home, my grandmother raised me. My grandma worked her butt off, I went from sitter to sitter and saw my grandma at the end of the day. It really didn't influence me until I went to a friend's house and they had both their mom and dad. It was emotional but as I get older I believe it has more of a psychological effect on me now than it did when I was a child. Another major point on psychological effects of having a single parent is divorce. The theme of divorce is worry, hurt, fear, anger, revenge, guilt, and shame. Divorce is a very common reason parents end up single. Many children get exposed or drawn into the conflict that happens to parents before, during, and after parents split. Some parents are very selfish and try to pressure children to choose sides, which may leave them feeling guilty about having to pick a side. Children thrive on strength, security, and safety. For instance, single parents are more likely to move on or experience other disruptions that can affect a child. Uncertainty and emotional stress can increase the chances of a child having a psychological problem. A single parent can help prevent this by talking and listening to the child, protect the child from conflicts that happen between the parents, pay attention to the child and always try to stay positive. Development risks are higher with single parent families. The text concludes that single parents face issues when it comes to the child's progress in school compared to children that have both parents. An example I would like to use is myself again. I didn't face any issues in school, I knew my grandma was doing the best she could possibly do and if I needed help she found a way to help me. When I did good in school it relieved pressure off my grandma, and I knew that. So, that is what I did because I was aware of the affect it had on all of us. I can't say that all kids are like this because every single

What Is an AP Test Perfect Score Do You Need One

What Is an AP Test Perfect Score Do You Need One SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you read your local newspaper, you may have seen an article about someone from your area getting a â€Å"perfect score† on an AP exam. But what is an AP test perfect score, and how is it different from a 5? Keep reading to find out what an AP exam perfect score is, what it means, how many students get one, and if it’s a goal you should be aiming for. What Is a Perfect AP Score and What Does It Signify? If you receive a perfect score on an AP exam, that means that you received every point possible on the exam.So you answered every multiple-choice question correctly and scored the maximum amount of points on every free response question. Pretty impressive! How does this relate to the score you get from 1-5? Well, if you get a perfect score you will definitely get a 5 on the exam. But your 5 won’t be worth more than anyone else’s 5. Additionally, you don’t need to get anything close to a perfect score to get a 5 on the exam. In other words, the fact that you got a perfect score doesn’t really increase the value of your standard score on the 5-point scale. In fact, your perfect score is not even reported on your score report- just the 5. When a student achievesa perfect score, the College Board usually informs the school directly in the fall. The school then informs the student. This often seems to lead to a level of minor local celebrity, with perfect scorers frequently being interviewed by local newspapers and having articles written up about them on school websites. As mentioned above, the perfect score doesn’t appear on your score report, but it’s certainly something worth reporting to colleges if it does happen because it is impressive and unusual. A perfect score would make you the slightly different yellow locker in this row of orange lockers. How Many Students Geta Perfect Score on an AP Exam? Just how unusual is it to get a perfect score on an AP exam? It depends on the exam, but no matter the test, it’s a rare feat. The College Board released a document of 2013 AP test perfect score stats, but it doesn’t appear they’ve created a similar document for 2014 or 2015. However, a series of tweets by the College Board’s head of AP, Trevor Packer, reveals all the info about how many students got perfect scores in 2015. I’ve assembled the info into a chart that shows how many perfect scores there were by number and by percentage of test-takers in 2015, as well asthe percentage of test takers who received a 5 in each exam. 2015 Perfect Scores as Compared to Fives Exam # Perfect Scores # Test-Takers % Perfect Scores % 5s Calculus AB 3 302,532 .00099% 24.6% Calculus BC 1 118,707 .00084% 48.4% AP Chemistry 3 152,745 .00196% 10.1% Computer Science A 66 48,994 .1347% 21.3% French Language 1 22,084 .0045% 18.4% US Gov and Politics 3 282,571 .00106% 11.9% Latin 1 6,571 .0152% 13.2% Macroeconomics 18 126,267 .01426% 16.1% Microeconomics 49 78,408 .0625% 15.9% Physics C: EM 1 22,789 .0044% 33.5% Physics C: Mechanics 6 52,678 .0114% 32.4% Psychology 4 276,971 .0014% 18.7% Spanish Language 7 144,561 .0048% 24.6% Statistics 2 195,526 .001% 14.3% As you can see, while at least ten percent of test takers scored a 5 on each exam,the perfect scoresare teeny, teeny, teeny percentages. Microeconomics and Computer Science A had the highest percentage of perfect scorers by a fairly large margin, but even those have minusculecounts of .0625% and .1347%, respectively. There were a small number of perfect scores for the AP Art portfolios, but since those aren’t graded via an exam, I left them off the chart. Otherwise, if a test isn’t in this chart, there were no perfect scores. AP Exams with no perfects in 2015 were: Art History, Biology, Chinese, English Language, English Literature, Environmental Science, European History, German, Comparative Government and Politics, Human Geography, Italian, Japanese, Physics 1, Physics 2, Spanish Literature, US History, World History. In sum: perfect scores on AP exams are a super-rare occurrence. Super-rare like emerald jewels. Is Getting a Perfect Score a Realistic Goal? Given how few students get them, it’s not a very attainable or realistic goal to actively try for a perfect score on an AP exam, even for a test where perfect scores are marginally more common like Microeconomics or Computer Science A. Even if you have total mastery of a subject, just one tiny mistake on test day will prevent you from getting a perfect score. Additionally,you will never know how close you were if you don’t get a perfect score- raw point totals aren’t reported to students.You could get 179/180 points and never know anything except that you got a 5. That makes a perfect score a frustrating goal in addition to a difficult one! The marginal benefit is also not that high- a small level of brief local celebrity and an impressive factoid for your college applications. If you really want to stand out to colleges, there arebetter ways to develop your applicationthat are more within your control and where your work will pay off more directly. In terms of test scores, it makes much more sense to work on getting top marks on your standardized college entrance exams like the SAT, the ACT, and SAT Subject Tests.Any solid preparation work you put in there will pay off in your reported scores, unlike on an AP exam, where you either get a perfect or you never find out your raw score. The truth is, based on local news profiles, most AP test perfect scorers are surprised to have gotten a perfect score and weren’t specifically aiming for one. So, while it’s not impossible to get a perfect score on an AP exam, particularly in a subject you are very gifted in, it’s not really worth your time to specifically aim for a perfect. Aim for a 5, do your best, and it could happen, but don’t stress overit. Reach for the stars! And by stars, I mean a 5. Key Takeaways While it won’t give you any more college credit or show up on your score report, a perfect score on an AP exam- full credit for all exam portions- is an impressive accomplishment. Only a small number of students get perfect scores each year. However, I don’t recommend making a perfect score your goal, simply because the benefits as opposed to getting a 5 are only marginal. You’d be much better served working for perfect marks on the SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject tests. What's Next? Studying for your AP exams? Learn when you need to start preparing for your AP tests to get that coveted 5. If you're taking a variety of tests, figure out whether AP exams or Subject Tests are more important for you. Wondering what the revised SAT format means for you?Or maybe you're taking the ACT and looking for all of our ACT study guide resources! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Human Resources Management in 21th century Essay

Human Resources Management in 21th century - Essay Example Essentially, the hierarchy of managers, supervisors, and workers characterize the workplace organizationally. The orientations of workers and managers to the particular area delineate the social limits of a workplace. Such a definition need not be limited to manufacturing alone, though. The workplace can also be a department in a bank or university or a school within an education system. What is important is that the work area is discrete, has some technological or production unity which marks it off from other workplaces, and it is recognized as such by workers and managers. Therefore, it is evident that the field of Human Resource Management has evolved into a strategic, technical, and measurement-oriented area in the past few years. Predictably, this field will continue to grow in sophistication and complexity as a reflection of the world in the 21st century concretized by the lessons of encountering multifarious ethical dilemmas in organizations. An organization's core values are manifested by its culture. In the basic ways that business is handled, culture accentuates how decisions are made and how rewards are distributed. Employees learn these ways of doing business through observing co-workers and leaders. If no expectations are established and effectively communicated, employees will "make it up" as they go along when faced with ethical dilemmas. Here, it is revealed that the role of good human resource management practices can be a determinant for building a strong ethical foundation to eventually change a culture that has some of the indicators of a weak ethics system in an organization. With the recent changes going on in employee relations, tackling the workplace requires a new form of public management based on the following building blocks (Barzelay, 2001): Strategy - What is the public value the organization is really trying to create Answering this question forces the managers to figure out their policy goals and exactly what role their agency should play in fulfilling those goals. Workplace design - Like a good roadmap, a sound design helps managers reach its ultimate policy and operational destination. Connecting the network - Technology is the glue that can hold networked company together, allowing employees to share knowledge, business processes, decision making, client information, workflow and other data. Ensuring accountability - Ensuring accountability in a networked arrangement is a matter of getting the following four things right: incentives, measurement, trust, and risk. Human capital transformation - In addition to knowing about planning, budgeting, staffing, and other traditional company duties, networked management requires becoming proficient in a host of other tasks, such as negotiation and mediation. Manufacturing methods in the workplace excited particular interest and, during the 1980s, wide-scale implementations of practices such as just in time production, total quality control and team-based work organizations (Voss and Robinson, 1987). The strong Japanese identity of many of these practices ensured that issues of the feasibility and desirability of the transfer of these

An Introduction to Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

An Introduction to Law - Case Study Example However in this scenario, the court only considers the legal rules and principles decided in the earlier case. The court is not bound by the complete decision of the previous case. It is the holding of the principle of the law on which the case gets decided. It is the Ratio-Decidendi that sets the precedent and it's binding on the courts in future and it should be considered in combination to their facts of the case1. Obiter dicta actually mean "outside words". While in law, it is measured as the extra comments made by the judges during the proceedings. These are usually some examples which are related and judge discusses them. It should not be misunderstood as a part of precedent like Ratio Decidendi. The obiter dictum is the language in a decision that is not necessary to the decision. The guiding principles on which the judge and the court give the decision are the Ration of the case and other than this all the other statements made by the single judge or the bench is called the Obiter Dicta. Obiter Dictis is also known as the passing statements. A bench comprises of three judges, if one of the judge dissents against the judgment of the other two judges than the majority view would be called the Ratio Decidend.i Whereas, the dissenting judgment would be part of the obiter dicta of the whole judgment. Ratio Decidendi is binding on the lower courts as they act in the form of examples for them. Obiter Dicta can be just influential but not compulsory. It is also true that the part of the judgment that forms the part of Obiter Dicta are not wholly irrelevant and in some cases under the English legal system have espoused some important legal principles that have acted as a guiding fo rce in a number of later decisions. Obiter Dicta act as a persuasive statement under the English legal system which is not binding. Although, some cases have elaborated on this part of the judgment and have come up with extensive and thorough analysis that though part of the obiter dicta of the judgment have later on acted as persuasive statements and as a guiding light in a number of subsequent cases in the English legal system2. Like in the case of 'Mama v. Flora Sasoon 55 IA360', the Privy Council's full judgment on the case of specific performance was obiter dicta as the Privy Council held 'there was no concluded contract at all'. However, the decision is binding on all courts as it settled the law on particular performance. Similarly, in 'Lawson v. Commissioner of Patents (1970), 62 C.P.R. 101 (Ex. Ct.)' The ratio decidendi or the decision was claiming straight to the "subdivided parcel of land" also does not fall within the description of "invention" in section 2. Especially, a sub-divided parcel of land is not represented as either an "art" or "manufacture" in section 2. The Court gave this narrow ratio, but also discussed in an elaborated manner if a method of subdividing land might constitute an "art" under section 2 (concluding that it would not), even though no such method claim was put before the Court to be decided. An ideal instance of both ratio decidendi and obiter dictum can be found in the judgment in the most famous of all insurance law cases, Castellain v. Preston (1883) in which the principle of indemnity in

Socio Political Context Of The Welfare Policy Social Work Essay

Socio Political Context Of The Welfare Policy Social Work Essay According to the World Health Organisation, most developed world countries have accepted the age of 65 years as a definition of elderly or older person. (WHO: 2012) However, in the UK, the Friendly Societies Act 1972 S7(1)(e) defines old age as, any age after fifty, where pension schemes mostly, are used, it is usually, age 60 or 65 years for eligibility. (Scottish Government: 1972) The term ageism, is defined as process of discrimination and stereotyping against people because of their age. Around a quarter of older adults in the UK, report having experienced age discrimination. (Age Scotland: 2012) It affects many institutions in society and has a number of dimensions, such as job discrimination, loss of status, stereotyping and dehumanization. Ageism is also about assuming that all older people are the same despite different life histories, needs and expectation. (Phillipson: 2011) The policy, All Our Future also (Scottish Government: 2007) indicates that over the age of fifty, is a stage where life circumstances start to change in ways that can be significant for the future. An example of this can be; children leave home, change in working patterns, people have less work and more time for themselves. In addition, from fifty onwards, this can be a time when physical health may deteriorate, causing possible health problems, such as, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis or coronary heart disease. What is more, the state of general health overall, decreases substantially, people face changes in appearance, their physical state deteriorates and they are not as fit as they used to be. Surely, this must be difficult to accept! However, ageing can also cause some psychological effects, such as, changes in memory function, a decline in intellectual abilities, or even memory loss. As a result of a degenerative condition of brains nerve cells or brain disorders, many people may develop dementia, Alzheimer or Parkinson disease. Wilson et al. (2008) who draws attention to physical, biological and psychological effects of the ageing, pointing out that ageing is not itself a disease, but some specific diseases may be associated with this process. Older people are a group that used to be in a marginal concern in the social work profession, but has recently moved to one of central importance. (Phillipson: 2011) This is caused by the remarkable speed of demographical change. The number of older people is increasing, both in absolute numbers, and as a proportion of the total population. The ageing of the population indicates two main factors: the downward trend in the birth rate, and improvements in life expectancy. (Phillipson: 2011) In Scotland, in 2010, there were an estimated 1.047 million older people age over 60, with older people being one fifth of the Scottish population. (Age Scotland: 2012) In the last hundred years, Scotlands life expectancy has doubled from 40 in 1900, to just over 74 for males, and just over 79 for females in 2004. By 2031 the number of people aged 50+ is projected to rise by 28%, and the number aged 75+ is projected to increase by 75% (Scottish Government: 2007) This issue requires to be deeply anal ysed in terms of how society will be able to respond effectively to the complex needs of older people. This part of the report takes into account the socio-political context of the welfare policy. Social work underwent fundamental changes from the 1960s, following broader ideological, political and economic developments. To understand the current role of social work within society and wider policy framework, particularly with older people, it is important to analyse the past that has reflected on contemporary practice. By the 1960s, more attention was beginning to be paid to the social consequences of capitalism, that started to be seen as the economic order of an unequal and unfair society. The strong critique of that system is known as radical social work, that grew on the ideology of Marxism. (Howe: 2008) The publication of the Kilbrandon Report (1964) consequently led to the introduction of Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968. This embedded social work firmly within the state sector, with the voluntary sector as complementary. (Ferguson Woodward: 2011) Social work wanted to be seen a s a unified profession, that offered generic services, to overcome earlier fragmentation and overspecialisation of services. Social workers were obligated by law, to assess needs and promote social welfare by providing services. However, the government of Margaret Thatcher began to weaken the state welfares responsibilities to help people in need, leading to the major ideological shift in 1980s called neoliberalism. As a result, the Barclay Report (1982) intended to clarify the role and task of social workers employed within statutory or voluntary sector. The later Griffiths Report (1988) was similar to Barclay Report, in terms of promoting greater choice, participation and independence of the service user and carers. However, neoliberalism undermines the role of welfare professionals, allowing the rich to become richer, and marginalise the poorest and most vulnerable individuals. (Ferguson Woodward: 2011) Woodward and Ferguson (2011) argue that the neoliberal trend has been contin ued under the new labour government, leading to managerialism and bureaucratisation. Therefore, contemporary practice is drawn by extreme pressure of marketisation and managerialism, leading to a profession dominated by stress, frustration and strongly focused on meeting deadlines. The labour government has also been driven by the developments associated with consumerists ideas, such as, personalisation that places the service user at the centre of service design and delivery, or direct payments that emphasise independence and individual choice, through giving service users their own money, to buy their own services. (Woodward Ferguson: 2011) For a long time, neoliberal economic and social policies in the UK speculated a very different concept of what social work should be about. The Changing Lives report of the 21st Century Social Work Review (Scottish Government: 2006) has brought a significant shift within social work polices, through an expression of dissatisfaction of social w ork, that was mainly caused by a lack of opportunity for relationship based working with service user. The policy has reshaped the profession, providing social workers with additional space to develop good social work practice. There have been initiatives to improve recruitment, and increase professionalism and standards within the workforce, as well as improve integration in the planning and provision of social work services. (Scottish Parliament: 2008) Integration has been developed through Modernising Community Care: An Action Plan (1998) and Community Care Joint Future (2000) that introduce Single Shared Assessment (SSA). In Scotland, Joint Future is the driving policy on joint working between local authorities and the NHS. The other key policy themes are personalisation, self-directed support, early intervention and prevention as well as mixed economy of care. (Scottish Parliament: 2008) Another significant report that brought about change in policy, and later, in Scottish legi slation, is the Sutherland Report (1999). This provided free personal and nursing care on the basis of assessed needs. (Petch: 2008) The above review of social work policies framework, is a good illustration of the constantly changing role and function of social work. Social work operates within the wider context of a constantly developing policy, ideology and legislation. The reality and ideology has changed people and society to face a new challenges. Social work makes a key contribution to tackle these issues by working with other agencies to deliver coordinated support to increase the wellbeing of older people. In terms of needs and issues when working with older people, the first thing to consider is the partnership of health and social care, especially within areas such as: assessment, care management, intermediate care and hospital discharge. The main problems are, tight budgets, resources and reconciliation of financial responsibility between bodies. Which always raises dispute who should pay for services? Wilson et al. (2008) stresses the importance of rationing services in social work, due to a low budget, which leads to delays in provision of services, and lack of time to develop more creative forms of practice. This causes unnecessary delays and constraints. One might expect that new Integration of Adult Health and Social Care Bill (Scottish Government: 2012) will resolve these problems by the joint budget and equal responsibilities of Health Boards and Local Authorities. The next issue is the assessment and intervention process, that are seen as balance between needs and resources, evidence and relationship based practice. It can be an issue to find appropriate resources that will meet the needs of the individual. A major element during assessment is the relationship with service user, and that the appropriate methods of communication are adopted to identify the needs of older people. The practitioner must take the time to get know the older person and resist pressure from other professionals to do a quick assessment. (Mackay: 2008) In social work there is constant need to utilise evidence based practice on the grounds that it is empirical knowledge which guides the decision making process, such as three stages of theory cycle (Collinwood Davies: 2011) There is no doubt evidence based practice is important, but this view may undermine relationship based practice, which is equally important. Rightly, Wilson et al. (2008) refers to relationship-based as a main feature of social work practice, that shapes the nature and purpose of the intervention. It is a unique interaction between the service user and the practitioner, that helps to obtain more information and define the best way of intervention. The problem of autonomy and protection is another factor in the relationship when working with older people. This raises the question of capacity, consent and the deprivation of liberty of older people. This group of service users is often a subject of legislation that deprives their human rights, this is because they are likely to be affected by cognitive disorder such as dementia. The term dementia, includes Alzheimers disease, vascular and unspecified dementia, as well as dementia in other diseases such as Parkinsons. It has been estimated that in the UK the number of patients diagnosed is 821,884, representing 1.3% of the UK population. (Alzheimers Research Trust: 2010) The assessment of incapacity or mental disorder is not straightforward and proves ethically and morally difficult for both service user and social worker. Social workers have to manage the balance between acting in accordance with the wishes of the individuals, and what is in their best interests. It has been sugg ested by policy and legislation that the views and wishes of people expressed through self-assessment would remain at the heart of intervention. (Wilson et al.: 2008) Another issue is abuse of older people, which may have many forms, and can be very severe in extend. Older people are vulnerable to abuse, or indeed, not having their rights fully respected and protected. The problem came to public awareness not as long as few years ago. Despite the fact that legislation came into force through Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act 2007, it is estimated that elder abuse affects 22,700 people in the Scotland each year. (Age Scotland: 2012) Older people are a subject of physical, psychological abuse, neglect, sexual or financial harm, that normally takes place at home, in hospital, residential care or day centre. (Ray at al.: 2009) Age discrimination is next issue one wish to consider, older people are disadvantaged because of their relatively low socio-political and cultural status in a contemporary society. They are repeatedly presented as a drain on resources as they no longer actively contribute to the growth of society. They do not work and do not pay taxes anymore. Older people are systematically disadvantaged by the status they now occupy within society. Wilson et al. (2008: p. 620) rightly suggests that old age is socially constructed. A good example of this is retirement, which officially, makes people old and unavailable to work, despite the actual physical and emotional state of the individual. Other forms of social construction that significantly affect the experience of old age are class, gender, race and ethnicity. (Wilson at al.: 2008) An illustration of this can be the statement that older people have much more in common with younger people from their class, than they do with older people from other classes. (Philipson: 2011) Disadvantages and inequalities, experiences during life can magnified during the process of ageing, through differences in access to health facilities, health status and lifestyle that may influence life expectancy. There is no doubt that experience of ageing is subjective, and depends on many factors, but it seems to be a matter to firstly, consider class, gender and race at the first place. When discussing poverty and inequalities, the points to bear in mind are issues of discrimination of older women, who are less likely to have as great a pension as a male partner, due to the fact many women are paid a lower wage then men. Moreover, women tend to live longer than men, therefore, are potentially more vulnerable to live alone and in poverty. (Age UK: 2012) There are many forms of disadvantage associated with older people in poverty such as; low income, low wealth and pension, debts or financial difficulties, feelings of being worse off, financial exclusion, material deprivation and a cold home. The first three are experiences by around 20% of older people, half of older people experienced at least one of the nine forms of poverty described above, and 25% had two or more. A minority 3% suffered from three or more forms of poverty. (Age UKa: 2012) In terms of ethnicity and race there are significant inequalities in the process of ageing. An illustration of this can be the black community of older people, who are more likely to face a greater level of poverty, live in poorer housing and have received lower wages. In addition, they are more susceptible to physical and mental illness often due to heavy manual work, racism and cultural pressures. (Phillipson: 2011) All these discussed factors must be taken into account when working with the older person. It can be argued that one of the main needs of older people is the importance of active listening to this group of service users, who are often because of age ignored or disregarded. This is supported by Kydd et al. (2009) who highlights how important it is for older people to feel that they are being listened too. Another important need of this group of service users, is the need to stay at home as long as possible, which is supported by the policy, All Our Future (Scottish Government: 2007) that offers; free personal care, telecare development programme, care and repairs services or travel scheme free bus passes. The policy aims to improve opportunities for older people, foster better understanding towards this group of service users, create better links between generations to work together and exchange experiences. Improve health and quality of life by promoting well being and an active life within the community; enhance care support and protection of older people. Improve housing and transport as well as promote lifelong learning. The last part of the report identifies policy framework and organisational responses. The discussion about social care for adults began in the UK through Green paper Independence, Well-being and Choice (Department of Health: 2005) and the subsequent White Paper, Our Health, Our Care, Our Say (Department of Health: 2006) these documents set out the agenda for future. This is based on the principle that service users should be able to have greater control over their own lives, with strategies that services delivery will be more personalised than uniform. The contemporary social work is driven by emancipatory issues such as social justice, empowerment, partnership and minimal intervention. (Dalrymple and Burke: 2006) Empowerment theory is the process of helping people gain greater control over their lives. Empowerment is not simply a matter of enabling or facilitating but it involves helping people to become better equipped to deal with challenges and oppression they may face. (Thompson : 2009) On the grounds of empowerment grew the idea of service user participation that came to law in 1990 through NHS and Community Care Act. (Ray et al.: 2012) There is still increasing acceptance that people who receive services should be seen as own experts in defining their own needs. This is in accordance with the exchange model of assessment presented by Smile and Tuson et al. (1993), where the social worker views the individuals as experts of their own problems. The role of the practitioner is to help the service user to organise resources in order to reach goals that are defined by the service user. The Scottish Governments policies and initiatives addressing to older people, highlights the importance of developing services that focus on maintaining independence, encouraging choice and promoting autonomy, such as; Changing Lives (2006), All Our Future (2007), Independent Living in Scotland (2010), Reshaping Care for Older People (2012a). These policies highlight the importa nce of service user participation in the process of decision making and intervention. These tendencies of improving choice and autonomy of older people, have resulted in the creation of personalisation and self-directed support programmes. Personalisation enables the individual to participate and to be actively involved in the delivery of services. Personalisation also means that people become more involved in how services are designed by shaping and selecting services to receive support that is most suited to them (Scottish Government: 2009) The programme directly responds to wants and wishes of the service user regarding service provision. Personalisation consists of a person centre approach, early intervention and prevention, and is based on mentioned above empowering philosophy of choice and control. It shifts power from the professionals, to the people who use services. (Department of Health: 2010) However, it could be argued that approaches which extend to service user control, in realty, can be seen as transferring risk and responsibilities form the local authority to the individual service user (Ferguson: 2007) Another option, recently promoted by the government, is Self Directed Support (SDS), a Bill that was introduced into the Scottish Parliament last year, and recently has passed stage three. The bill seeks to introduce legislative provision for SDS and the personalisation of services and to extend the provisions relating to direct payments. (Scottish Parliament: 2012a) The SDS approach had been brought into Parliament previously, and was reflected in many reports and policy initiatives such as: Changing Lives, Reshaping Care for Older People. SDS allows people to make informed choices about the way support is provided, they can have greater control over how their needs are met, and by whom. Social workers, working on behalf of local authority, will have a duty to offer SDS if the individual meets the eligibility criteria. The four options to consider are; direct payment to the individual in order that that person will arrange their own support, the person chooses the available support and the local authority will make arrangements for the services on behalf of that person, the social worker will select support and make arrangement for provision, the last option is a mix of the above. (IRISS: 2012) The idea of SDS is a great opportunity for service users to expand their control over which services provided. However, this raises a question of how many people will be ready to utilise option one of SDS. Would an ordinary person, who uses the services, have the skills and knowledge to take responsibility for their own care, for example to employ their own carers, a personal assistant or to buy their own services. One could envisage that it could be possible if the role of social worker changes from care management, to brokerage and advocacy. A potential care broker will provide assistance to obtain and manage a support package, drawing on individualised funding. It can be questioned if social workers who are mostly accountable to local authorities are reliable to perf orm this task whilst working across three sectors. (Wilson at al.: 2008) In conclusion, there is a shift from a paternalistic stance of social workers to viewing service user as experts of their own lives. From institutional care, through service led and needs led, to outcomes focus provision. A fundamental part of working with older people is to recognise and respond to the way in which they may be marginalized. This can be achieved by a deeper understanding of the process of ageing, and the issues that older people may face. Working with older people, based on new premises, will be focused on to maximise resources, and the role of the social worker will be transferred from care management to advocacy and brokerage. One may expect that active involvement and participation of older people in service provision will have a crucial role not only by exercising more control and choice but also in challenging social exclusion.

Global Software Piracy Case Study

MGT 440 International Buisness Name of the case: Global Software Piracy Prepared by: xxxx Date 16-03-2010 Executive Summary: This case is taking software piracy under the light that explained at the end of the third chapter of the book International Business environments and operations by Daniels in the 11th edition. Software piracy is the mislicensing, unauthorized reproduction and illegal distribution of software, whether for business or personal use. When someone copies software without buying the appropriate number of licenses, it is copyright infringement. Individual copying software for a friend is a form  of software piracy. Types of software piracy may include: end-user piracy, pre-installed software, Internet piracy, and counterfeiting, online auction piracy. Q1. What is the relationship among the various governments, institutions, organizations, and companies in developing legal codes to combat software piracy? Companies, industry associations and governments developed arrangement and legal codes to deal with software piracy. Governments have been passing and enforcing laws supporting copyrights. The effort to condemn software piracy led to more governments joining the effort, associations such as BSA (Business Software Alliance) have members in more than 70 nations. All this effort can’t really provide significant results in the future. Other method has to be considered as well. Narrowing the gap in price of the legal and illegal copies, my encourage consumers to go for the legal copies. Other solutions is the introduction of new technologies that would limit if not kill software piracy, such as the introduction of cloud computing. Q2. In your opinion, should software companies, industry associations, home governments, or transnational institutions take the lead in aggressively negotiating with the governments of countries with high piracy rates? Why? Reading up the case, you can see the enthusiasm that most governments shown in form of enforcing laws or taking actions as well. So, what I think is instead of pushing governments to negotiate with other high rated piracy countries may lead to more complexity in their political relationships. It would be better if complies make enquires by themselves or by watchdog associations such as BSA. Other methods are through international trade channels. In the case with countries of high piracy rates, adjustments to their copyrights laws made above their accession to the WTO, china for example. Q3. Can the software industry expect to contain and control software piracy without eventually relying on governments to take a more active role? Why would the software industry dislike greater government regulation? Yes. I think software industry can contain and control software piracy without eventually relying on governments to take a more active role. This is done through technology innovation. The introduction of cloud computing has opened the door to a future with no software piracy. Cloud computing  is  Internet-based  computing, whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices on-demand, like electricity. Software are to be rented or incensed by paying a fees on the user of software and no such piracy is possible in this world, unless newly discovered! Q4. In your opinion, what rationale do you think consumers in high theft countries (see Table 3. 6) use to justify software piracy? Similarly, what ideas or conditions lead consumers in lower theft countries to respect IPRs? Consumers in high theft countries tend to be more of a collectivists kind of cultures where is sharing is on of its primary features. While Consumers in high theft countries are individualistic. Q5. What sorts of political or legal solutions should the software industry lobby governments to apply to the piracy problem? Software companies should convince governments to enforce laws and legal actions in case of violations to the copyright laws. And keep pursuing international regulators such as WTO to establish piracy policies and protect the intellectual rights.

The Bad Luck Kennedys Essay - 1236 Words

The Kennedy family, the quintessential all-American family, filled with some of the countrys best and brightest. That special family contains a soldier, a few senators, and even a president, the famous John Franklin Kennedy. However, some of us have probably heard about the bad luck this family seems to run into, from a botched lobotomy to that famous JFK assassination. The whole entire family seems cursed, those ghastly curses ranging from Rosemary Kennedys misdiagnosis and rather unfortunate botched lobotomy, to John F. Kennedys assassination. Its sad to see a well-respected family go through such tragedies, its almost as the world was plotting against these people. In this essay, I will be talking about the multitude of the†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, Lieutenant Kennedy met his demise shortly after takeoff, his co-pilot and he were killed instantly. Due to the secrecy of the mission at the time, even Joseph Jr.s parents knew very little of the operation. Rosemary Kennedy, the oldest sister and the third oldest of the third generation Kennedys. She was slower than the other Kennedy children, she was developmentally delayed. However, according to Ronald Kessler, she was able to write endearing letters, dance, and even do arithmetic. Contrary to her then diagnosis, she was not mentally retarded; her IQ was above 75, well past the range of mental retardation. As Rosemary grew older though, her once sweet disposition turned bitter. Joe Kennedy, Rosemarys father banned her from the household, after which, he contacted two surgeons in Washington state: Dr. Freeman and Dr. Watts. Dr. Freeman supervised Dr. Watts surgery on Rosemary. Rosemary was given a mild tranquilizer; Dr. Watts recalling his surgery from those many years remembers making a rather small surgical incision through her skull, near the front, and on both sides. As. Dr. Watts performed the surgery, Dr. Freeman asked Rosemary questions such as reciting the Lords Prayer, to sing God Ble ss America or count backwards. Her pulse and blood pressure rose as Dr. Watts continued to cut. As the surgery went on, she began to grow incoherent, they soon stopped. Many symptoms described by Rose and Kathleen included irritability andShow MoreRelatedSamuel Coleridge and Edgar Allan Poe Poems877 Words   |  4 Pagescalming color compared to black, and it is known to be a sign of good luck. Furthermore, the actions of each bird from The Rime of an Ancient Mariner and The Raven have dissimilar roles and actions in each poem. 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