Liberty and Political Liberalism - 893 Words

Liberty and Political Liberalism William D. Towah Liberty and Political Liberalism The Relationship between the Concepts of Liberty and Political Liberalism In his publication: â€Å"The Equality Trust†, Goddard, J. (2013) discussed that liberty as defined by many to mean the ability of an individual to carry out his/her will without any active obstruction or impediment from any persons is narrowed and, therefore, flawed. He proposed that liberty should rather be viewed as the â€Å"absence of relationship domination and dependence between persons – regardless of whether any actual interference takes place† (para. 1). According to him once this broader view is keenly considered, the comparability between liberty and equality becomes†¦show more content†¦Negative liberty is a freedom from restrictions that would not permit an individual from making desired choices. The action of the individual is control externally to the extent that it conflicts with is internal desires. For example, a professional footballer who still has 4years left on his contract with his club may harbor the desire to join other clubs. H e is said to have his liberty to make decisions but parent club could restrict his desires so he could complete his term of contract; this can be best termed as negative liberty (Liberalism: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) The Debate around Political Liberalism Political liberalism which is seen by many theorists as a doctrinal exercise of the natural rights and freedom of the individual has created the platform where government’s total control of citizens’ behavior and will is minimized. It is now argued that, state interference in the life of the governed be limited to enable the individual exercises his rational intellect to his liberty and to acquire property and all others that may allow him to enjoy his freedom without any violation. As many countries have adopted liberalism, democratic governance with the adherence to the rule of law has taken preeminence over the conservative regimes. The liberal social order has now brought the debate as the conservatives continue to argue that, Political Liberalism has given birth to Liberal Feminism which aimed at gender equality. This fight for feminism hasShow MoreRelatedLiberalism, The Political Philosophy On Ideas Of Equality And Liberty1573 Words   |  7 PagesLiberalism Liberalism is the political philosophy on ideas of equality and liberty. Liberalisms focus is on the general ideas of fair elections by the people, civil rights, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, free trade, and private property. As with all things though, the way the idea of liberalism can viewed differ by each individual person and the trails they have gone through. Liberalism is no exception from this phenomenon and during the nineteenth Century there were many trails changingRead MoreThe Intellectual Tradition Of Political Economy1692 Words   |  7 PagesCourse Date Intellectual Traditions in Political Economy i) In what significant ways does modern liberalism break from classical liberalism s conceptualization of the market? In your answer, be sure to focus on the principles of classical and modern liberalism, as well as key 20th-century intellectual developments in each tradition. The definitional conceptualization of the five premises of political economy underscores the differences classical and modern liberalism. These premises include human natureRead MoreThe Classical Liberalism Theory1016 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Classical liberalism theory mainly emphasis is sited on shielding the freedom of the individual by restricting the power of the government. Classical liberalism is a wide philosophy of politics, economics, and human society that upholds individual freedom and the acknowledgement of universal human dignity. The most important features of The classical liberalism theory is consist of the following beliefs: All human beings have intrinsic dignity and worth, all individuals have intrinsicRead MoreAn American Diplomat Richard Holbrooke1143 Words   |  5 Pagesalmost a century, democracy has meant liberal democracy in the West. Which was a political system marked not only by free and fair elections but by the rule of law as well, a separation of powers and the protections of basic freedom of speech, assembly, religion and of course property. A scientist by the name of Philippe Schmitter pointed out a good point; he said that Liberalism, either as a conception of political liberty, o r as a doctrine about economic policy, may have coincided with the rise ofRead MoreSocial Liberalism : Leonard Hobhouse And Social Liberalism937 Words   |  4 PagesLeonard Hobhouse was a sociologist and a British liberal political theorist and was one of the first thinkers of social liberalism. (liberalism, 2017). His famous works include the book â€Å"Liberalism (1911)†. Social Liberalism is that liberalism which ranks individual liberty most crucial and hence it requires social justice. It believes that individual liberty can only be achieved in its true sense if there is a proper economic and social stability. In order for building a favourable milieu L.T HobhouseRead MoreThe Theory Of Liberal Ideology1143 Words   |  5 Pages Political Science Midterm I will be speaking on important political terms, explain the development of liberal ideology in the United States of America, and touch on a few other areas of political culture. First off liberalism; liberalism is a way of political worldview by the ideas of liberty and equality. Although in a certain time in our history equality was somewhat of a lie. Slavery, racism, and feminism prove that not every single person on the planet had equal rights. In the 1650’s to 1780’sRead MoreRelationship Between Liberalism And Conservatism1317 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will assess the relationship between liberalism and conservatism by exploring the differences in ideological beliefs of these two ideologies. Ideology can be defined as â€Å"set of interrelated and more or less coherent ideas† that constitutes of both â€Å"descriptive and normative element† on how a society works (Heywood, 2007, pp. 6-7). One of the most popular ideology in contemporary politi cs is liberalism which accord individual liberty and free market as its primary priority. On the otherRead MoreBrooke Johnson. Political Ideologies . Essay 1. 2/24/17.1583 Words   |  7 PagesBrooke Johnson Political Ideologies Essay 1 2/24/17 Differing Perspectives of Liberalism Liberalism is characterized by a commitment to individual rights, toleration, limited government, equal opportunity, and a commitment to free market. There are different forms of liberalism that one may identify with, such as classical liberalism, neo-liberalism, egalitarianism, and libertarianism. Each of these forms have different consequences or interpretations of some of the characteristicsRead MoreHow Liberism has Evolved During the 20th Century980 Words   |  4 Pagescentury, liberalism has been one of the sources of political progress in the West. Liberalism is a philosophy based on ideas of liberty and quality. Liberalism is hard to define due to the term being used to describe ideas, parties, movements and practices in different societies and different historical periods. The core values of liberalism are individualism, rationalism, freedom, justice and toleration . Liberalism is one of the most powerful ideologies shaping Western Politics. Early Liberalism showedRead MorePolitics is the Manner in Which Society is Organized1767 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is democracy and liberalism, will be discussed. These are not just political systems but they are also a set of rules and theories. Democracy is the branch of politics that has to do with the organisation of society through the collectively binding decision-making of the entire population. Liberalism on the other hand is a philosophy of politics that has to do with the freedom of control and interference from a governmental organisation. The values of equality in liberalism and democracy are two

Chemistry Study Guide Acids and Alkalis Free Essays

Interactive Science 2B Chapter Summary | | Chapter 10 ComMon Acids and Alkalis 10. 1 Acids and Alkalis 1. Acids taste sour. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Study Guide Acids and Alkalis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many fruits contain acids. 2. The three mineral acids commonly found in the laboratory are hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid. 3. Alkalis taste bitter and feel soapy or slippery. 4. The common alkalis found in the laboratory are sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution and ammonia solution. 0. 2 Acid-Alkali Indicators 1. An acid-alkali indicator shows different colours in acids and alkalis. It can be used to test acids and alkalis. 2. Natural indicators can be made from some deeply coloured plants. 3. Acids turn blue litmus paper red whereas alkalis turn red litmus paper blue. Distilled water does not change the colour of litmus paper. It is a neutral substance. 4. The pH value shows the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. 5. The pH value of a substance can be measured by using universal indicator, pH paper or a pH meter. 6. Low pH values mean high acidity (or low alkalinity). 7. High pH values mean high alkalinity (or low acidity). 8. Substances with pH values 7 :acidic; pH values = 7 :neutral; pH values 7:alkaline. 10. 3 Acids and Corrosion 1. Dilute acids react with some metals and produce hydrogen. 2. Test for hydrogen: Put a burning splint near the mouth of a test tube containing the gas. If the gas is hydrogen, it burns with a ‘pop’ sound. 3. The rate of reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulphuric acid: maznesium zinc iron copper (no reaction) . Carbonates react with acids and give carbon dioxide. 5. Marble and limestone mainly contain calcium carbonate. They are used as building materials and they can be corroded by acids. 10. 4 Safety Related to the Use of Acids and Alkalis 1. Strong acids / alkalis are corrosive. Weak acids / alkalis are generally less corrosive. 2. Dilute acids / alkalis contain a low percentage of acids / alkalis. Concentrated aci ds / alkalis contain a high percentage of acids / alkalis. 3. Concentrated strong acids and alkalis are highly corrosive. 4. Safety measure in handling strong acids and alkalis |Reason | |(a) Stick the hazard warning label ‘corrosive ‘ on the surface|To warn users about the corrosive property of the chemicals. | |of the container. | | |(b) Wear safety spectacles. |To prevent the acids and alkalis from getting into the eyes. | |(c) Put on protective gloves. |To prevent our skin from contact with the acids or alkalis. | |(d) Wear laboratory coat. |To prevent damage of clothing and body. |(e) Work in a fume cupboard. |To prevent vapours of the acids or alkalis from irritating our| | |eyes and respiratory system. | 5. To dilute a concentrated acid or alkali, always add it slowly to a large amount of water with stirring. Never pour water into a concentrated acid or alkali. 6. The first step in treating acid or alkali spillage on our body is to wash with plenty of water. 10. 5 Acid Rain 1. Clean or normal rain has a pH value of 5. 6. 2. Acid rain has a pH value lower than 5. 6. 3. Practice test:Â  answer key Acid rain is mainly caused by the acidic pollutant gases sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. 4. The main sources of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the air are motor vehicles, power stations and factories. 5. Acid rain may ? corrode structures made of metals, marble and limestone, ? kill fish and plants in lakes and rivers, and ? slow down plant growth and even kill plants. 6. The government, industries and citizens should work together to reduce the release of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain. 10. 6 Neutralisation 1. An alkali and an acid can neutralise each other. . Neutralisation occurs when an alkali is mixed with an acid until the resulting solution becomes neutral (pH = 7). 3. When an acid is neutralised with an alkali, a salt and water are formed. The word equation for neutralisation is: Alkali + Acid (Salt + Water 4. Antacids are weak alkalis used to neutralise excess acid in the stomach. 5. Weak acids, such as ethanoic acid in vinegar, can b e used to neutralise the alkaline stings of wasps. 6. Weak alkalis, such as baking soda (sodium hydrogencarbonate), can be used to neutralise the acidic stings or bites of bees, ants and mosquitoes. . Weak alkalis, such as slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and powdered limestone, can be added to acidic soil to raise the pH for plant growth. 8. Acids in industrial wastes can be neutralised by adding alkalis such as sodium hydroxide, while alkalis can be neutralised by adding acids such as sulphuric acid. 10. 7 Daily Uses of Acids and Alkalis 1. Acids and alkalis can be used in cleaners to remove stains and grease. 2. Acids such as ethanoic acid can be used to preserve food. 3. Acids can be used to prevent the browning of fruits. ———————– [pic] [pic] How to cite Chemistry Study Guide Acids and Alkalis, Essay examples

Fernalee Chinese Restaurant and WHS Audit Report †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Fernalee Chinese Restaurant WHS Audit Report. Answer: Introduction Restaurant industry is a high growth industry in South Australia amongst all sectors in the hospitality industry[1]. Workplace related barometer reflects that cafes and restaurants are one of the most risky sectors to work for. There are multiple accidents, incidents as well as challenges that are faced from such workplace related practices in restaurants. Hence, it becomes integral to accommodate in health and safety related standards for protection of its employees and staffs. The scope of this report deals with health, hygiene and safety audit of Fernalee Chinese Restaurant based in South Australia. The restaurant is currently facing immense challenges in regards to accommodating for health and safety norms according to WHS procedure. The long duration operating hours of the restaurant has impended multiple injuries and accidents within its premises especially in the kitchen[2]. A detailed analysis of various issues faced by the restaurant is analyzed in this report with certain r ecommendations to overcome the same. Audit Outcome Restaurant businesses employ thousands of workers in Australia every year starting from chefs to staffs and many other. As there are multiple cases of injuries as well as accidents inflicted and caused within its premises it becomes pertinent to adopt suitable workplace related safety measures and diagnose any possible causes that can inflict harm or an injury on employees, staffs or customers[3]. For the purpose of analyzing suitable avenues for diagnosis an audit for each and every safety, health and hygiene factors are done at the Fernalee Chinese restaurant, which reveals multiple workplace related hazards prevailing. Outcome 1 Burns: As the scope of the analysis pertains to Chinese restaurant and there is usage of multiple ovens and fire in the same, injuries due to burn are quite common in nature. Many times food is touched by bare hands without the usage of utensils which inflicts more burns than normal[4]. In case of burns it needs to be investigated the degree of such burns such that possible scope of injury can be avoided. Outcome 2 Sprains or Strains: Sprains and strains are caused within the premises of the restaurant by falling on wet and slippery floor. Such injuries can also be caused while handling of food across the restaurant. Outcome 3 Open wounds or cuts: Cuts and open wounds are very common within the Chinese restaurant reparation as there are a large number of vegetables, meat and fish which needs to be cut[5]. Such injuries are caused especially when individuals without training handle cutting during pressure hours. In case of small cuts or wounds they are easily attainable but deep wounds and cuts needs to be properly catered for. Outcome 4 Other forms on injuries: Other forms of injuries can easily be caused that might be accidental in nature[6]. Such potential threats or injuries are typically unpredictable in nature and might impose serious consequences. Recommendations AS more and more workforce join the ever growing and fast expanding restaurant business, there needs to be WHS norms and guidelines that has to be accommodated. Irregular working hours, long duration of work, absence of training are some leading causes that increase rate of such incidents. Below are some mentioned recommendations that can enable the restaurant to overcome the potential injuries and accidents that are caused. Recommendation 1: Staffs and employees including chefs should be provided to wear proper clothing and footwear. Necessary housekeeping arrangements has to be present that allows for cleaning and prevention of injuries as well as accidents. Recommendation 2: Food products within the kitchens need to be handled with use of proper utensils. Handling of food products using proper utensils will allow prevention of burns, spill-offs and scope for other possible accidents Recommendation 3: Proper cleansing products as well as dishwashers need to be installed to prevent hand usage as much as possible for prevention of accidents. WHs also provides for using proper dishwashers for cleaning of utensils and other products. Recommendation 4: Training has to be imparted for handling of various equipment and materials around the kitchen such that efficient utilization can be made. Improper usage of equipment and machineries has been recognized to be a major factor that can cause injury and disrupt health and safety standards according to WHS, 2011. Recommendation 5: There has to be a fire emergency plan and documents around the restaurant that assesses necessary risks. Conducting various fire drills with exercise which will prevent accidents and possible impacts from accidents. All electrical appliances and instruments safety requirements have to be checked. Proper training for handling such electrical instruments has to be imparted to impact safety. The restaurant ensures health and safety standards to provide better working conditions. Incorporating in such standards will prevent accidents and injuries in the restaurant. Conclusion Individuals who are highest risks from accidents or injuries at the restaurant includes chefs, kitchen assistants, waiting staffs and other personnel employed. Unhealthy working conditions, carelessness, inappropriate trainings and other factors can lead to major injuries or risks of accidents at workplace that can have serious amounts of impact. WHS procedures revised in 2011 makes it compulsory that restaurants apply such WHS practices such that its employees can have good health. Government along with other bodies as well as restaurant workers union are working hand-in-hand to put an end to such practices that can have possible impacts or harms on individuals in restaurants. Restaurants need to apply and accommodate suitable work standards and train for preventing accidents within the premises. Refrences Australia, S. W. "Compendium of workers compensation statistics Australia 2008-09. ." Canberra: Safe Work Australia, 2011: 24. CG Davidson, M., McPhail, R., Barry, S. "Hospitality HRM: past, present and the future." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2011: 498-516. Dollard, M., Bailey, T., McLinton, S., Richards, P., McTernan, W., Taylor, A., Bond, S. "The Australian Workplace Barometer: Report on psychosocial safety climate and worker health in Australia. ." Canberra, Australia: Safe Work Australia., 2012. Driscoll, T. R., Harrison, J. E., Bradley, C., Newson, R. S. "The role of design issues in work-related fatal injury in Australia." Journal of Safety Research, 2008: 209-214. Knight, A. J., Worosz, M. R., Todd, E. C. D. "Serving food safety: consumer perceptions of food safety at restaurants." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2007: 476-484. Toh, S., Quinlan, M. " Safeguarding the global contingent workforce? Guestworkers in Australia." International Journal of Manpower, 2009: 453-471. Knight, A. J., Worosz, M. R., Todd, E. C. D. "Serving food safety: consumer perceptions of food safety at restaurants." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2007: 476-484. Australia, S. W. "Compendium of workers compensation statistics Australia 2008-09. ." Canberra: Safe Work Australia, 2011: 24. Dollard, M., Bailey, T., McLinton, S., Richards, P., McTernan, W., Taylor, A., Bond, S. "The Australian Workplace Barometer: Report on psychosocial safety climate and worker health in Australia. ." Canberra, Australia: Safe Work Australia., 2012. Toh, S., Quinlan, M. " Safeguarding the global contingent workforce? Guestworkers in Australia." International Journal of Manpower, 2009: 453-471. CG Davidson, M., McPhail, R., Barry, S. "Hospitality HRM: past, present and the future." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2011: 498-516. Driscoll, T. R., Harrison, J. E., Bradley, C., Newson, R. S. "The role of design issues in work-related fatal injury in Australia." Journal of Safety Research, 2008: 209-214.